What risk is associated with a compressor surge in gas turbines?

Compressor surge in gas turbines is a critical phenomenon that occurs when the airflow through the compressor destabilizes, leading to a sudden reversal of flow, which can create violent oscillations. This condition is highly detrimental because it can result in significant mechanical damage to the compressor components due to the extreme forces involved in the flow reversal. Additionally, compressor surge results in a drop in efficiency, as the engine struggles to maintain the necessary airflow for optimal performance. This inefficiency can lead to decreased thrust or power output, adversely affecting the overall operation of the gas turbine.

Surge is not a normal operating condition, nor does it cause excessive air density or reduce air intake directly—instead, it is a disruptive event that can severely impair the functionality and longevity of the gas turbine system if not properly managed. Thus, the risk associated with compressor surge primarily revolves around the potential for damaging the compressor and the resulting loss of efficiency.